说起托福写作中的语法问题,很多同学都是心理上重视,行动上轻视。托福作为语言类考试,很多同学当然知道语法很重要,也明确知道自己语法不太好。10个有9个同学都会说,我语法不太好。但是呢,一到具体的写作上,就只顾怎么把字数写满,怎么写出“高大上”的“漂亮”词汇和句子,对很多语法问题不闻不顾。
很多同学还信誓旦旦第说,OG评分指南上说了:Minior error 语法上的小问题不扣分。 我所犯的都不过是小的语法问题,应该不会扣分.... 吧....在回答这些问题前,我们首先看一下OG评分标准各个档次,对写作中的语法错误的划分。Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors. Displays facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety and range of vocabulary, though it will probably have occasional noticeable minor errors in structure, word form, or use of idiomatic language that do not interfere with meaning.May demonstrate inconsistent facility in sentence formation and word choice that may result in lack of clarity and occasionally obscure meaning. 1. 5分和4分档的区别主要在语言能力上:句型使用多样(syntactic variety),词汇的选择的合适(appropriate word choice) 和地道性(idiomaticity. 4分没有地道性要求). 2. 5分和4分在“语法错误”这一维度上,差别不大。5分可以容忍有小的语法minor错误。不过,一旦这些 occasional 偶尔犯的小错误被noticeable,就会被扣分了,从good5分档,降至4分档。3. 如果这些word choice 和句型上的小错误,即便是偶然出现的,但造成了读者理解不清(lack of clarity; obscure meaning), 就被认为整篇文章语言能力不一致,就是从4分档-->3分档。那么问题的核心就是:什么是noticable minor error ? 什么样的语法错误会obscure meaning?这个官方没有明显说。但是我们可以从官方给的范文中窥见一二。Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship.1. Another point is that if the true is ommited once, it will surely appear sometime, somewhere and probably in the most unexpected way, causing lots of problems for the ones involved.2. To avoid losing confidence, there is only one way, telling the truth, lying will just help throwing it away.3. She found out the true and all confidence was lost, the basis for their relation is now gone and what happens next is that they break up or if they do not, he will persist on lyes and someday it will end. 4. Some may argue that lying once or another will not interfere anything and it is part of a relation, but I strongly disagree, the most important thing is the true, even if it is to determine the end of a relation, it must be told.5. Sometimes white lies are indispensible to keep relationships more lively and dilightly.6. Thirdly, for some patients telling them their current state of their desease will probably desperate them.7. Some lies are acceptable in terms of making people’s life more profusely.8. Not everybody has to know the truth, and it will lead them more happier not knowing it.所有句子都来自OG给出的各个档次的范文。所有句子都有语法错误。 1)前4句是 4分档的范文。 所犯的语法错误被认为是 occasional minior error.2. 动词形式:help throwing -->help throw3. 搭配错误:persist on lyes-- > persist in lies4. 几个句子用逗号杂糅在一起/run on --> disagree. The most important thing is the true. Even if it is to determine the end of a relation, it must be told. (这个是很多同学试图写长句,而经常犯的错误。)2)后4句是 3分档范文。所犯的错误已经被认为是 语言能力不足了/不一致了: inconsistent control of structure and word choices5. 拼写错误:indispensible-->indispensable拼写/词性错误:keep relationships dilightly -->keep relationships delightful.
desperate them--> make them desperate 7. make ...more profusely --> make... more profuse
8. more happier --> 去掉more 5.7 都是同一个句子结构错误:S主语+make/keep +sb./sth.+ adj. 让某人/某事怎么样主+谓+宾+宾语补足语 (adj.直接限定前面的宾语)如果用成副词, 意思就变成:愉快地保持关系。在此语境中意思让读者费解。6. desperate,形容词,不能做谓语。没有谓语,句子基础结构不完整。 1. 被大家平时忽视的拼写错误,词性错误,标点错误,已经被OG认为是noticeable 的错误了。
2. 一些词性的错误(比如,形容词;副词乱用),基本句子结构没搞清楚,标定符号等,都有可能导致有着良好语法水平的读者理解困难,而被扣分。(这个就好像当看到外国人写:王(玉)石很珍贵。我们中国人一样觉得费解。) 1. 想要确保自己能得到GOOD 以上的高分,平时写作一定要精细修改自己的语法,力保不犯错。(推荐使用grammarly查语法)2. 宁愿自己不写自己拿不准的句型,也要确保语法使用正确。
3. 提升基础语法。搞清楚基本的句子结构,词性和句子成分之间等等之间关系。