错误一:意义表达过于*
人们在使用语言描述事物变化时,应尽可能避免语言过于*化,尤其是在使用第二语言进行正式的书面表述时,更应该注意该语言中非*化的表达方式,这样才能尽显文章内容的客观性,而这一点是绝大多数*考生在面对雅思写作TASK 2时所忽视的。
大家可以对比如下两组句子:
A. This tends to occur whenever there is a downturn in commodity prices.
B. This occurs whenever there is a downturn in commodity prices.
A. A child learning a foreign language at primary school causes confusion between their native language and the foreign one.
B. A child learning a foreign language at primary school is likely to cause confusion between their native language and the foreign one.
为解决该问题,考生可以尝试使用一些表达委婉语气的用语和句式,如:may, might, would, could, largely, possibly, probably, be likely (unlikely) to, be inclined to, tend to, to a large (some) extent, there is a higher probability/possibility that…等。
错误二:题干问题回答不全面
题目:An increasing number of people are moving and living in big cities. Why is this case? Is it a positive or negative trend? (2010年1月23日G类) 该题有两个问题,很多考生在作答时忽视了问,只回答第二问,抑或是把问和该现象积极的一面混为一谈,如:
On the one hand, living in big cities brings about a considerable number of advantages, which is also why people move to big cities. Initially, it is undeniable that work conditions in big cities are usually better that those in countries and small cities. With more work opportunities and a higher level of salary, people in other places, especially the young, are inclined to move to big cities. Subsequently, not only does living in big cities offer people better work conditions, but also it affords dwellers with facilities of higher quality. These facilities, such as the premium hospitals and education resources, are extremely attractive to countryside people and those in small cities. (考生答案)
该现象的原因应从大城市移民的角度考虑,如可以享受更好的生活设施,教育资源和就业机会等。而其积极的一面应从城市居民或管理者的角度考虑,如大量的“移民”给城市带来了更多的劳动力和税收。
遇到此类考题,考生可以将全文分为四个段落,除去开头和结尾段,主体两个段落分别回答一个问题,即第二段回答产生该现象的原因,第三段选取积极或消极任何一面展开论述。
错误三:题意理解不准确
该现象产生的原因主要是考生没有正确地理解题目,如题目:
Some people think that foreign tourists abroad should be charged more than local people to visit a country’s cultural and historical attractions. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2011年4月30日A类)
就该题而言,很多考生将意思是“收费”的charged一词理解为“控制”,而该词是我们在*阶段就已经学习过的。这就很容易导致作文跑题,而跑题的作文分数为5分或更低。避免该问题,首先,在积累词汇阶段,考生应连同其同义词准确记忆;其次,由于每年的考题重复率相对较高,所以,考生可以在练习阶段把近几年的题目通读一遍,准确理解题目内容,这一步骤并不会花费考生太多时间,但是却能达到事半功倍的效果。
错误四:文章段落层次不合理
雅思作文应按照论文的写作格式分段,即有开头段,结尾段和由两到三段构成的主体段落。不论是四段式还是五段式,考生在文章中都应体现合理的分段,而不是将所有的内容都挤在一起,只求能写完就好。只有良好的段落结构才能满足考试在逻辑性方面的要求。
错误五:口语词汇误用
在雅思考试*类文章中,要求使用正式的写作词汇,所以考生在文章中应避免口语词汇的使用,使文章表达更加书面化,具有*性。如a lot of可以由a substantial number of和a significant number of等词来替换。并且,值得一提的是,在使用正式词汇时,应该尽可能用两个音节以上的词汇替代一个音节的词汇,如comprehend替代get和establish替代set up。这是因为单音节词多属于非正式词汇,而正式词汇大多属于两个音节以上的词汇,为了避免增加考生词汇记忆的负担,建议考生在选择用词时,尽可能避免单音词即可。
以上朗阁海外考试研究中心总结了雅思议论文写作中常见的五大失误,目的是为了让考生们了解这些错误的根源并尽可能地避免,帮助大家取得较好的雅思写作成绩。与此同时,本文*的一些错误解决办法对大家出国以后的论文写作也具有一定的指导意义。这也是雅思考试的科学之处,即让考生通过备考阶段,掌握留学生活中所需要的各种语言能力,如*阅读及论文写作能力,从而帮助学生更好地适应海外的*生活。