托福写作中的固定搭配有哪些?

2018-10-10 22:53:51 来源：网络 作者：Alice

托福写作中的固定搭配有哪些?所谓恰当，除了拼写准确外，主要是体现在搭配恰当上。例如，修饰名词的形容词和名词必须搭配恰当，动词和宾语必须搭配恰当。

　　托福写作中的固定搭配有哪些?很多同学会弄错固定搭配，使用恰当的固定搭配，有助于大家*托福写作的分数。

　　一、 恰当

　　所谓恰当，除了拼写准确外，主要是体现在搭配恰当上。例如，修饰名词的形容词和名词必须搭配恰当，动词和宾语必须搭配恰当。此外，写作时不能完全依赖翻译，尤其是词不达意的翻译。否则，很有可能出现了错误的搭配，导致*无法理解，下面是朗阁海外考试研究中心总结的一些常见的搭配错误：

　　1. prompt &promote

　　不少考生没法区分两个词prompt(促使)和promote(促进)之间的区别。我们通过两个句子来看一下。

　　错误用法：There are three factors that promote people to go abroad.

　　正确用法：There are three factors that prompt people to go abroad.

　　2. enrich & make … prosper

　　有些学生将enrich 理解为“使 富裕”，虽然不能说全错，但是现在主要的意思是“使 丰富”，如词组：enrich one’s experience。

　　错误用法： Factories, which enrich the remote areas for example, may also lead to environmental problems.

　　正确用法： Factories which make the remote areas prosper, for example, may also lead to environmental problems.

　　3. train & develop

　　表示“培养，养成”等意思时，容易不假思索地使用train，但是正确的词汇是develop, cultivate, nurture等。如：

　　错误用法： The younger generations are hoped to train their independence as soon as possible.

　　正确用法： The younger generations are hoped to develop their independence as soon as possible.

　　二、有变化

　　所谓有变化，就是指考生在写作中，一个词*好只出现一次，第二次或后几次出现时用其他的词来替换。替换的方法有同义词，语法结构的变化，以及下义词等方法。下面朗阁海外考试研究中心将为考生们一一讲解。

　　1. 同义词

　　关于老年人的话题在新托福考试中曾经出现过，情况对“老年人”的多样表达：

　　the elderly, the old, the aged, ageing population, the retired, senior citizens

　　下面是新托福材料中，摘抄的两段话，非常形象的体现了一个词的多样表达，先看*段，请大家注意“奇怪的”这个词在这一段话中的使用：

　　Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creatures, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?

　　又如，在下文中，四个词形式不同，但都是“显著的”意思。

　　In 1900, the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents---New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experienced remarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy. The population of Los Angeles(114000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1400 percent from 1900 to 1930. A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles.

　　为了做到用词有变化，朗阁海外考试研究中心为大家列举了托福写作中*常用的一些词的同义表达：

　　同意v : accede to, agree with/on, approve of, consent to, subscribe to, side with

　　认为v: consider, deem, figure, reckon, believe, think, say, hold, claim, assume, argue, maintain, contend, assert, state, declare

　　影响n: impact, influence, effect, implication, affection

　　因素n : factor, contributor, ingredient, element

　　促进v: enhance, improve, promote, boost， advance, further

　　培养v: cultivate, foster, develop, nurture

　　重要的adj: important, critical, crucial, major, essential, vital, main, pivotal

　　明显的adj: manifest, apparent, evident, obvious

　　大量的: myriads of, a host of, a multitude of, a great deal of, a vast number of(+cn) , a vast amount of (+un), a plenty of, a wide range of, a great variety of

　　2. 语法结构的变化

　　语法的变化指的是，将一个词从语法结构上做一个变化来体现多样性，常见的有词性变化，从句和分词的转变等等。请看下面的例子：

　　energy consumption = energy which is consumed = energy consumed

　　the production of ozone-damaging gases

　　= the amount of gases which are produced to damage the ozone layer

　　3. 下义词

　　所谓下义关系，亦称种属关系，就是指几个单词的词义属于另一个词的词义范畴。充分利用下义关系是*单词记忆的好方法，这在复习阶段尤其如此。

　　1). Color

　　其下义词有：white, black, red, green, yellow, blue, brown, orange等;

　　2). Subject

　　的下义词有：maths, physics, chemistry, politics, Chinese, biology等;

　　3). profession

　　其下义词有：doctor, teacher, accountant, president, lawyer等;

　　4). means of transportation

　　其下义词有：car, bus, subway, bicycle, ship等。

　　以上内容就是朗阁为大家整理的托福写作中的固定搭配相关信息，想了解更多留学考试内容，请戳朗阁首页了解更多资讯。