如何*托福口语“General Description”方面的得分

2017-11-28 08:00:00 来源：网络 作者：朗阁

很多学生认为独立口语很难并且容易失分，其中原因是难以在15秒的准备过程中*想到能够佐证自己观点的例子和细节，也就是缺少题目给出的 “specific details and examples”，因此得分往往不尽人意。

　　很多学生认为独立口语很难并且容易失分，其中原因是难以在15秒的准备过程中*想到能够佐证自己观点的例子和细节，也就是缺少题目给出的 “specific details and examples”，因此得分往往不尽人意。其实，15秒的准备时间并不是用来立刻编出例子的，而是将题目与大脑中积累的语料库进行匹配。下面朗阁海外考试研究中心就将给出如何*此项得分的方法，让同学们能够破釜成舟，打破学习瓶颈。朗阁托福培训机构为你介绍

　　一、语料与素材的积累

　　一般学生讲口语的大脑活动是先用中文思考，其次是根据中文所想的意思翻译成英文单词，再把这些单词根据主谓宾等语法知识组装成句，*后考虑单词的发音、语音语调等连词成句。而口语比较好的同学往往直接想到的是英文表达，然后是chunks，就是我们常说的语块，因为已经是积累好的句子，不需要再考虑语法等因素，所以可以直接脱口而出。这就像电脑开机一样，程序越少，速度越快。在考试之前多积累地道的语料而不是一味的选择网上的模版，才能更加从容的面对考试来取得*。

　　以2017.10.14托福口语Task 2为例：Should government limit violence and bad language on television. Do you agree or disagree?

　　很多学生可以会选择disagree,原因可以是许多电影需要借助战争来宣扬爱国主义，而战争中又必定会涉及血腥与暴力，那么这一点理由为：Some movies need to express patriotism and educate citizens by wars, which contain violence and bloodiness, like Wolf Warrior 2 tells a story of a former Chinese Special Forces Operative rescuing compatriots and local friends in a war-torn region of Africa occupied by insurgents and mercenaries.这段关于《战狼2》的表述来自英美人士必读的精神早餐《经济学人》，该段积累下来还适用于 “Describe the most interesting/impressive movie”等题，也可以根据这个语言结构框架进行改写，变成自己想说的其他电影，表述会更加流畅地道。

　　再比如TPO21 Task 1: Talk about an important news event that happened recently in your country. Describe the event and explain why it was important.很多学生看见 “news event”就大脑一片空白，不知从何说起，或者脑海里只有中文意思，对于新闻类的话题难以在短时间内直接用英文表述出来。以*首架自制民用飞机C919举例: China’s first home-made large passenger jet was scheduled to take off in Shanghai, the narrow-body passenger plane made by state-run Comac as a triumph of indigenous innovation. 也可以说“一带一路”政策，One Belt and One Road initiative.

　　二、扩充细节的方法之“from…to…” 列举法

　　这种方法通常当作第二个supporting details，相当于 “for example”，可以并列两个同类或异类的事物，描述其种类繁多。以 “Do you prefer to eat at home or eat out”为例：As for me, I prefer to eat out in various of restaurants, cuz it has wide section of food, from authentic Chinese cuisine to western-style food, from savory dishes to bland snacks, hence loads of mouth-watering food can meet my appetite and leave lasting impression on me. 这里 “authentic Chinese cuisine”指的是地道的*菜，一般学生只会想到traditional Chinese food, 而好吃*个想到的词就是 “delicious”, 需要注意替换词的积累。而对于某事使我留下深刻印象会表述为 “sth. leaves deep impression on me” 而对于native speaker来讲，”lasting”才是更加地道的表达方法。

　　再以2017.08.27 Task 1一个经典三选一题型为例。

　　Your university has acquired a piece of land next to the campus. There have been three options for the use of the land.

　　A. The athletic facilities stadiums

　　B. A park with nature trails

　　C. Centers for students and hotel for campus guests

　　此题只需作出选择，并给出合理解释即可。如选择 “The athletic facilities stadiums”可以从学生通过做各种运动来强身健体，排解压力或者参加团队运动锻炼团队合作精神等。”I tend to choose the athletic facilities stadiums, cuz students can work out there, from doing push-ups to sit-ups, from plank to Russian twist, which can befit them to strengthen their muscles and build up cardiovascular system, or get rid of stress after high-intensive study. 这里用 “from…to…” 来并列几个健身运动的动作，这种表述也适用于gym, court, square等描述地点的题型，要学会同类话题合并及举一反三。

　　同理，再看TPO27 Task 1: Talk about a popular actor, musician or artist whose work you do not admire.

　　这道题属于人物类话题中的名人类，可以从人物的外貌、性格、作品等角度入手。”Well, personally I’m not fascinated by a Korean music band, from their weird dressing style to flamboyant makeup, from aggressive personality to terrible works, from impolite behaviors to constant scandals, hence I have no motivation and passion to appreciate their albums. 这里用 “from…to…” 连接几个形容词+名词的结构来表达不喜欢的原因，比较工整并且容易在原有的结构上删减修改形成自己的答案，再应用于别的话题中。

　　“from…to…” 列举法是一种学生比较容易理解并应用的扩充细节的方法，能够通过*并列几种事物来展开阐述自己的原因，把脑海里破碎的单词在短时间内形成chunks，在有效的时间内完成答题。并且适用范围广，在人物、地点、物品、事件题型中均可使用，而当作第二个supporting detail即时学生在时间不够的情况下结束答题也不会有违和感。