sa sat：独立主格结构讲解和例题

2022-12-07 16:01:20 来源：网络 作者：朗阁小编

独立主格结构 独立词或代词加其它成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、修饰词、副词或介词短语)组成的独立主格结构。 独立的主体结构没有主语和谓语，因此语法上没有句子。然而，有许多逻辑主语由名词或代词表示，逻辑谓语由分词或不定式表示，有时还有其他装饰成分。(判断一个结构是否是句子的标准是看这个结构是否有谓语动词。)这种结构通常在句子中起到状语或状语从句的作用，如方式

独立主格结构

独立词或代词加其它成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、修饰词、副词或介词短语)组成的独立主格结构。

独立的主体结构没有主语和谓语，因此语法上没有句子。然而，有许多逻辑主语由名词或代词表示，逻辑谓语由分词或不定式表示，有时还有其他装饰成分。(判断一个结构是否是句子的标准是看这个结构是否有谓语动词。)这种结构通常在句子中起到状语或状语从句的作用，如方式、时间、原因、条件等，主要用于书面语。使用动词非谓语形式的独立主格结构可以改变成句模式（从句）：独立主格结构加上连词，非限定动词改为谓语动词模式，从而成为从句。

比如:

Today being Sunday, the library isn' t open.图书馆今天星期天不开放。

(原因)改为从句:

As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn' t open.

比如:

There being no buses，we had to take a taxi. 没有车，我们只能坐出租车。

Because there were no buses, we had to take a taxi.

(时间)改为从句:

After the signal was given, the bus started.

The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，sword in hand.少年和那人一起来到这里，手里拿着剑爬了进来。

The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，and had a sword in his hand.

Weather permitting, we' 11 visit the Great Wall.假如天气允许，我们将参观长城。

If weather permits, we' 11 visit the Great Wall.

The boy followed that man here, and climbed in, sword in hand.男孩和那个男人一起来到这里，手里拿着剑爬了进来。(伴有状语)

上文例句中sword in hand是由名词 介词短语的组成表示伴随的情况。这种独立的主体结构表示伴随的情感，有时可以使用with引出，两者的意思是一样的，with构造更口语，更常见。

She left the office with tears in her eyes.眼里含着泪水，她离开了办公室。

The teacher walked into the classroom, with a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.老师手里拿着一把尺子，手里拿着几本书，走进教室。

The teacher walked into the classroom. He was holding a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.

Tian' anmen Square looks magnificent with all the lights on.灯光齐放，天安门广场显得美丽动人。

With the boy leading the way, we found his house with no difficulty.由这*带路，我们毫不费力地找到了他的家。

With him to give us a lead, our team is bound to turn out well.有他给我们带头，我们一定能做好。

1、指出以下句子中的独立主格结构：

1) My work having been finished, I went home.

---My work having been finished

2)The woman sat smiling, surrounded by her flowers, a faraway look in her eyes.

---A faraway look in her eyes

3) My watch having been lost, I didn' t know what time it was.

---My watch having been lost

4) He came into the room, his face red with cold.

--- his face red with cold

5) There an elderly patient was sitting in her wheelchair alone, head bowed, her back to most of the others.

--- Head bowed. her back to mast of the others

6) A man came in, his face hidden by an upturned coat collar and a cap pulled law over his brow.

--- His face hidden by an upturned…….

2、 用独立主格结构纠正以下句子：

1) Being cold, he put on his overcoat.

---It being cold, …

2) Being no bus, we had to walk home.

--- There being no bus, ...

3) Getting colder, same birds are flying away to the south.

--- It getting colder, ...

4) Being ill, Mr. Li taught the lesson in place of Mr. Wang.

--- Mr. Wang being ill, Mr. Li taught..

5) Asia is the largest continent, being about 43 million square kilometer.

---…，its size (area) being about 43….

1)Bing Bing entered the room, _____ (手里拿着一个大苹果).

---- (with) a big apple in his hand.

2) _____(下课)the children ran out of the class room.

---The class being over

3) The little girl waited at the bus stop for a long time, _____(鼻子冻得通红).

---her nose red with cold

5) He was doing his homework._____ (他的父亲坐在旁边)

6) ____(谁也没有什么可说的)， the meeting was closed.

-----Nobody having any more to say.

By Sept. 2008 Beijing will have held/hosted the Olympic Games. 奥运会将于2008年9月在北京举行。