雅思写作中*考察平日积累和写作功底的恐怕是词汇部分了。很多同学也都知道写作要追求多样的表达,也就是词汇的替换。
很多写作到了6分的同学会遇到一个瓶颈,就是词汇也积累了不少, 句式也够丰富多样, 逻辑和任务完成度都没有问题,就是分数一直在6分徘徊。
究其原因, 原来是词汇用的太糙, 也就是追求同义替换,却没有注意到词汇之间细微的差别。
在写作7分的评分标准中,对于词汇是这样规定的
• uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation
让我们来看一下什么是单词的style和collocation
Style: often shows the attitudes of the people involved
Collocation (语言学中指词语的)组合,搭配,连用 In linguistics, collocation is the way that some words occur regularly whenever another word is used.
从上面的标准中可以见得对于词汇的使用要求考虑其搭配,使用的场合,其褒义和贬义。以下是我们为大家总结的易混淆的一些同义替换词。
# Group 1
满足
satisfy / meet / fulfill / cater to /cater for
有时候在写作中讨论亲子关系问题的时候,我们需要表达这样的思路 :父母有时候会满足*的任何需求。
先来看satisfy,说到满足,很多同学*反应就是satisfy
Satisfy
用法1
词典释义:
- If someone or something satisfies you, they give you enough of what you want or need to make you pleased or contented.
例句:
- The pace of change has not been quick enough to satisfy everyone...
satisfy *个用法是satisfy sb 让某人心满意足的意思
用法 2
词典释义:
- If you satisfy the requirements for something, you are good enough or have the right qualities to fulfil these requirement
例句:
- The procedures should satisfy certain basic requirements.
Satisfy第二个用法,足够好有资格满足完成某一任务的需求满足一标准。
综上所述,Satisfy不适用于我们要用的语境。
Meet
近义词 fulfill
词典释义:
- to do or fulfill what is needed or what sb asks for
例句:
- How can we best meet the needs of all the different groups?
Cater for /cater to
为…*服务;满足…的需要;接待
词典释义:
- In British English, to cater for a group of people means to provide all the things that they need or want. In American English, you say you cater to a person or group of people.
例句 :
- Minorca is the sort of place that caters for families...
综上所述,当我们要表达父母满足*的需求是,这个满足,我们*好用meet 以及 fulfill 。
# Group 2
阻碍
impede / hinder / hamper
在写作中会遇到这样一个场景,年长的人跟年轻人在求职上竞争,对于这样一个题目,我们可能会需要这样一个思路,年长的人在精力上和思想上存在一些不足,可能会阻碍他们在职场上的发展。这时候我们需要用到阻碍这个词。
那么我们用哪一个阻碍呢?
Impede
词典释义:
- If you impede someone or something, you make their movement, development, or progress difficult.
例句:
- No difficulties or obstacles can impede our progress
Hinder
词典释义:
- If something hinders you, it makes it more difficult for you to do something or make progress.
例句:
- Does the fact that your players are part-timers help or hinder you?
Hamper
词典释义:
- If someone or something hampers you, they make it difficult for you to do what you are trying to do
例句:
- I was hampered by a lack of information
综上所述,在讲到某事阻碍,阻挠到一个人的进步 一件事的在发展时 ,以上三个阻碍都可以使用。
# Group 3
损害
undermine / impair / harm /damage
刚才说到年长者在求职中会存在一些劣势,因此我们可以继续往下拓展,就是假如公司雇佣年长者,会损害公司的一些利益。这时候我们需要用到损害。我们看一下以上几个损害的用法。
Undermine
用法如下:
- undermine a feeling / a system/someone / one’s position / one’s authority / efforts / one’s chances of achieving something
例如
Ø undermine the government.
Ø undermine her authority so she felt that she could no longer work for the company.
Ø undermine efforts to negotiate an agreement...
Impair
词典释义:
- If something impairs something such as an ability or the way something works, it damages it or makes it worse.
例句:
- Consumption of alcohol impairs your ability to drive a car or operate machinery.
Harm
Harm 首先可以指的是对动物或者人造成身体上伤害如 :
● The hijackers seemed anxious not to harm anyone.
其次,harm 可以表示 对某事产生不利影响 如harm the environment/harm the industry
Damage
Damage 首先可以指破坏某物如:damaged a car
其次,它可以表示破坏声誉、经济等如:damage reputation / economy
综上所述 ,我们认为要表示损害某人利益时,我们可以用harm
下面是十组同义替换词,大家明确它们用法间的区别吗?
1. *、练习
Improve / enhance / promote / strengthen / optimize
2. *
Assure / ensure / guarantee / pledge
3. 导致
Lead to / cause / generate / contribute to / bring about / result in / spark off / conduce to / procure / induce
4. 有害的,消极的
Bad / harmful / detrimental / baneful / undesirable/ deleterious / dreadful / defective / faulty
5. 贫穷的
Poor / needy / impoverished / poverty-stricken /sb./sth with a tight budget 缺钱
6. 增加
expand / improve / enhance / advance / mushroom / magnify / proliferate
7. 减少
decline / slump / eclipse / shrink / ebb
8. 消除
Eliminate / clear / remove / clear up / take away / smooth away
9. 巨大的
Big / large / huge / giant / vast / enormous / immense / Tremendous
10. 健康的:
Healthy / robust / sound / wholesome
如果想了解更多的词汇辨析,可以到朗阁寻求更多写作老师的帮助。
*后希望大家能够抓紧暑期时间,积极备考,早日出分吖!