首先,要弄明白英语句子的类型。句子的类型在我们的阅读中来说主要分为简单句和复合句,以及特殊句型。
一、 简单句
简单句在雅思阅读中不一定是一些学员想的那么短。
eg: In New Zealand, classes for children have slowed the erosion of Maori and rekindled interest in the language.
eg: The former US policy of running Indian reservations schools in English, for example, effectively put languages such as Navajo on the danger list.
特点
只有一套主谓宾结构
或者是由and、but、or连接的两套或以上的主谓宾结构
因此,烤鸭们在做阅读中遇到了一个长句子,不要一下子被吓坏了,不要总觉得是从句,很多时候是简单句,只要找到这个句子的主句和谓语动词就可以了。
二、 复合句
eg: Eliminating the secrecy surrounding pay by openly communicating everyone’s remuneration, publicizing performance bonuses and allocating annual salary increases in a lump sum rather than spreading them out over an entire year are examples of actions that will make rewards more visible and potentially more motivating. (C6 T3 P2)
特点
分为主句和从句
至少有两套主谓宾结构或更多的主谓宾结构
复合句中不纯是主从复合,往往伴随有非谓语、状语从句、插入语、倒装结构
复合句在雅思阅读文章中的数量几乎占到了四分之三还要多,因此,如何去看懂复合句就成为了区别和低分的标准
解决方法
a. 搞清楚长句关系,判断属于并列句还是复合句,分清层次
b. 注意转折词和连接词(标志词)因为它会告诉你是并列还是复合句,逻辑关系是什么
标志词
and 表示顺承
while 表示对比
but/yet 表转折
for/so 表示结果
or/ either …or 表示选择
not only … but also/ nether…nor 表示递进
when 和and, then 表示时间
and/ so/ neither/ nor 表示并列
c. 转折词后往往就是要考的各种细节的考察答案,比如,判断、配对
d. 打断长句,先找主谓宾,再看修饰语
e. 识别出有哪几个谓语动词;找出主句的谓语动词,先理解主句;再理解从句和短语,这一步考察语法能力比较多
词性的问题,各种词性的修饰先后关系,什么东西可以做主语,谓语应该全是动词!!!!
f. 跳读长句,忽略其中插入语和修饰语,先看两端,再看中间
三、 倒装句
eg. Halfway across the room, a small pistol in his hand, stood a man.
结构全句只有1个谓语动词:stood。本句是完全倒装结构,按正常语序应该是:A small pistol in his hand, a man stood halfway across the room. 其中,a small pistol in his hand是一个独立主格结构,修饰主语man。翻译为:一名男子站在屋子中间,手里拿着一支手枪。
eg. Down came the “white only” notices in buses, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, rest rooms and on park benches that once could be found everywhere throughout the South.
结构全句有2个谓语动词:came、could be。其中主句的是:came。按照正常语序句子主干应该是:The “white only” notices … came down. Notices后面的介词短语,作为后置定语修饰notices。介词短语后面还有一个that引导的定语从句修饰notices。为了避免主语部分过于冗长,因而将主谓倒装。翻译:曾经一度在南部的公车上、旅馆里、火车上、饭店里、在体育赛事中、在公共卫生间里、在公园长椅上到处可见的“白人专用”的牌子已经取下。
解决方法
按正常语序读,把倒装还原
完全熟悉这种倒装的表达
按原文顺序读
阅读中涉及此类语法的题不是很常见
四、 例子分析
Selecting the right person for the job involves more than identifying the essential or desirable range of skills, educational and professional qualifications necessary to perform the job and then recruiting the candidate who is most likely to possess these skills or at least is perceived to have the ability and predisposition to acquire them
分析
a. 首先分清句子是并列关系:
sentence structure:
Selecting the right person....and then recruiting the candidate...
b. 其次找出修饰语“identifying the essential or desirable range of skills”以及“educational and professional qualifications necessary to perform the job”是修饰the right person。
“is most likely to possess these skills or at least is perceived to have the ability and predisposition to acquire them”是修饰the candidate。
c. *后忽略修饰语,句子的意思就浮出水面了。