在托福的考试过程中很多考生考了很多次后，写作成绩平稳地*持在20分到24分左右，那么考试们需要如何备考才能突破自己目前的写作瓶颈呢?接下来让我们一起从托福写作的本质、*方法及素材积累的角度来做充分地准备。
在托福的考试过程中很多考生考了很多次后，写作成绩平稳地*持在20分到24分左右，那么考试们需要如何备考才能突破自己目前的写作瓶颈呢?接下来让我们一起从托福写作的本质、*方法及素材积累的角度来做充分地准备。
一、 托福写作本质
托福写作主要是包括综合写作及独立写作，综合写作主要是考查、记笔记、总结及改写的能力。综合写作的考试内容是先3分钟阅读一篇文章，然后2分钟听一个相同话题的听力( 注意听力只能听1遍)，接下来是把听力与阅读的关系及内容在20分钟之内写不少于150字的文章。对于听力比较薄弱的考生来说，即听1遍后几乎听不到任何重点信息，在准备考托福的初期就一定要练习听力的练习，比如精听，跟读，听写等;对于听力水平中等的考生来说，即能听到大致内容但是细节会听不出来，在备考托福的时候一定多加理解阅读及听力文章的逻辑结构。这是托福综合写作的基本内容及学生的学习*。
独立写作考查发表自己观点的能力，考试内容是给你一个话题，然后让你发表自己的观点，所以综合写作是客观题型，独立写作时主观题型。对托福写作的本质有了一定了解后，接下来我们一起看下如何备考综合写作及独立写作。
二、 综合写作方法
综合写作的阅读是四段式，综合写作的*方法主要在以下几个方面：
1.基础语法，写出来的句子是没有语法错误并且语义清晰，，随着基本写作能力的*，需要练习长短句/简单句及复杂句地准确表达能力;
2.基础词汇，词汇量至少要在3500以上;
3.基础听力，练习基本的辨音及连词成句的理解能力;
4.掌握综合写作阅读及听力的逻辑结构及得分要点;
5.熟悉常考话题分类，比如动物类、植物类、历史类、天文类等内容上的联系，比如在托福真题TPO50/52/40中曾经考过天文类的话题，即人类是否能够去Venus, Mars, 和asteroid，能否去这些星球上主要有重力、食物、健康、辐射等问题，这样我们就会对综合写作的话题的主要内容有整体的认知，并且在短时间内可以*综合写作。
三、独立写作方法
1. 独立写作主要是考查发表自己观点的能力，主要有以下几个题型：
(1).事实类，比如：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teachers should be paid according to how well their students perform. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
(2).对比类，比如: Teachers were more appreciated and valued by the society in the past than they are now.
(3).二选一类：In order to improve your presentation skill, which of the following method do you think is more effective?
-To watch video recording of the speech
--To practice with classmates or colleagues
(4). 三选一类：The university will spend money on dormitory to improve the life quality of students, which of the following do you think is the best way?
-providing a room for quiet study;
-building an exercise room;
-providing entertainment place (watch film)To practice with classmates or colleagues
(5). *化词类：Some students have poor study habits when they enter university or college. All students should take required courses to develop good habits.
同时，请考生们注意现在考试时可能会遇到很长的题目，这要求考生*自己审题的能力;现在会有Don’t use memorized examples的要求，这就提醒各位考生在平时准备的过程中需要多积累自己的素材库并达到熟练应用的程度。
2.按照以上的1分出的各种题型进行范文解析，要求每种题型至少要解析5篇文章，解析可以从篇章、段落、词句三个方面进行。
3.按照以上的2将范文进行解析后，然后就进行素材积累，即各种话题的思路拓展。
4.把*近3-5年的真题进行话题归类并根据以上的3相关的思路进行衔接。
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important to keep your old friends than it is to make new friends.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
1.该题目的类型是对比类，即*持老朋友比交新朋友更重要 (A 比B更重要)。
In present-day society, the increase in the number of those who are aware of the significance of friends is accelerating. Many people, if not most, are strong believers in the claim that keeping old friends is much more significant than making new friends. I, however, cannot agree with them fully.
In my eyes, on the one hand, keeping old friends will bring us many benefits in our daily lives. In the first place, being old friends means that both sides know each other deeply. Specifically, they are aware of the other part’s lengths and shortages, which means that they will forgive old friends’ errors and appreciate their improvement during their communication. For instance, Helen and I, having been friends for twelve years, know each other well and I know she is quick in speech and straightforward in thought. One day, I, breaking her up through my own carelessness, was criticized fiercely by her in front of the whole class. Since I understand her temper, instead of getting angry and quarrelling with her, I apologized to her and finally she knew her boldness and we were reconciled. In the second place, old friends mean both parts get along with each other for a long time and they have a better understanding of the other side. When one is in a dilemma, old friends can always give proper advice and get out of trouble. A new friend cannot give such good suggestion due to strangeness.
On the other hand, making new friends can also enrich our life experience and broaden our horizons. Firstly, the process of making new friends will promote our social skills. Unlike old friends who understand us well and can excuse our fault easily, strangers will treat us equally and will be angry with our mistakes. Such a fact requires us to commit fewer errors during personal communication and will enhance our social abilities. Furthermore, since when we spend too much time with old friends, our horizons will be narrow. Getting familiar with new friends can bring us new way of thinking; it is universally acknowledged that creative thought is a premise of success. For instance, two years ago, my old friends and I learn new English words by rote and find it hard to remember words in the textbook. Such a situation didn’t reverse until I came across Tom who suggested I use the word roots and affixes to remember. Inspired by his suggestion, I find most words can be remembered by such a method. Now I can keep in mind all the words in my textbook. Without Tom, I may still be in the dark.
Taking into account what we have discussed above, we can safely come to the conclusion that we should strike a balance between keeping old friends and making new friends, both of which are essential to our development.
2.篇章结构
现象+Many people, if not most, are strong believers in the claim that+观点A. I, however, cannot agree with them fully.
In my eyes, on the one hand, 支持A的理由1. In the first place, 理由a. Specifically, 同义句, which means that同义句. example. In the second place, 理由b. 对比B.
On the other hand, 支持A的理由2. Firstly, 理由a. Unlike A, B. 解释. Furthermore, A, B; A. example.
重述自己的观点。
3.词句结构，见范文1的划线部分。
4. 素材积累
托福独立写作的素材主要包括教育类、工作类、政府类、抽象类及生活方式类，可以通过阅读范文总结常见的理由及例证，有以下几本资料可以参考：
《托福写作*手册》的优势在于综合写作是按照话题类型进行分类精讲， 同时有*范文可以参考;独立写作主要从题型和话题类来进行详细地讲解，题型中有搭配词汇，话题中有*词汇句式并且词汇有音标，这是便于记忆，不足之处是话题类缺少有用的搭配，适合整个阶段来使用。
《托福*范文大全》的优势在于是历年真题的范文，同时有词汇，但是词汇难度相对较大，逻辑关系较隐晦，对于初级水平的考生来说并不是很适合。
《托福写作*范文》的优点主要在于每篇范文后的词汇是搭配，这样可以直接学会在写作中运用，适合准备了一段时间后来使用。
《教你写托福作文》的范文按照话题分类，每个话题给出100个词汇搭配，但是这些词汇搭配不是很常用，背诵起来相对难度较大，范文中的例子有些文章是重复的，同时逻辑关系比较隐晦，适合备考时间非常充裕的情况下使用。
四、独立写作真题
经过了以上的阶段后，可以进入到真题演练部分，把真题中相关的话题与自己已经非常熟悉的话题联系，即把自己的掌握的知识点内容应用到新题上，比如范文1中老朋友和新朋友理由可以与以下几个题目联系：
1.The ability to maintain friendships with a small number of people over a long period of time is more important for happiness than the ability to make many new friends easily.
2.It is better to travel to different countries when you are young than when you are older.
3. Some people prefer to travel to tourist spots with many people while others prefer less crowded ones. Which do you prefer and why?
4. It is better for the younger people to take risk and explore new things than the older people.
5.If you are going to graduate from the university and have to choose the final course, which professor will you choose. The one you used to sign up for courses or the one you have never learned from before.
在这几个题目中，根据范文!我们可以归类理解成新旧事物的类别，比如去新的地方，接触新的老师，这些题目中的理由我们可以从范文1中找到相关的信息，比如增长知识，拓宽视野，积累人脉，固化思维等等，所以建议各位考生写真题的提纲及例证。根据以上的整体步骤，我们可以熟练地解决新的话题，第5个题如下：
On the one hand, choosing the familiar professor has benefits in the days when you graduate from college. Firstly, unlike choosing the professor who you have never learned before, choosing the professor who you used to sign up for course means that you familiarize his teaching approaching and get the gist he will teach you in class. For example, I, having attended the physics classes that Mr Wang taught me when I was a freshman, could ask and answer the questions with Mr Wang freely and flexibly because he always created a harmonious environment where students feel comfortable. One of root cause is that he was strict with my homework and final test, thus helping me succeed in graduation. Thus, it is quite obvious that choosing the professor that taught before could reduce the risk of failing to graduate from college.
五.背诵素材方法
对于考生来说，背诵一直是个头疼的问题，但是记忆在整个的学习过程中，尤其是深度思考的过程中有非常重要的作用， 那么对于背诵素材来说，建议遵循以下的几个步骤：
1.首先把素材中的词汇都背诵好(见逻辑单词王)
2.把素材中的句式结构进行拆分，都拆分成简单句;
3.把步骤2拆分的简单句进行合并，然后与原文进行对比，找出自己的与范文的差距;
4.步骤3的差距就是自己的弱项，需要多进行练习，比如长短的转换。
5.经过步骤4后，将素材的微观层面掌握，然后进行篇章能力的结构，即将步骤4写出的长句组合成段落，但是要注意句间逻辑关系。
6.将步骤5的段落重新组合成篇章， 与原文进行对比。比如：
I, having been friends for twelve years, know each other well and I know she is quick in speech and straightforward in thought.
拆分：I have been friends with Isabla for twelve years. I know each other. I know she is quick in speech and straightforward in thought.
以上就是整个写作**的方法，请考生练习练习，在*内一定会考到自己的理想成绩。
