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In the developedworld, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause forindividuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reducethe impact of ageing populations.
在发达国家,平均预期寿命正在增长。这会给个人和社会带来什么问题?建议可采取的措施,以减少人口老化的影响。
It istrue that people in industrialised nations can expect to live longer than everbefore. Although there will undoubtedly be some negative consequences of thistrend, societies can take steps to mitigate these potential problems.
诚然,工业化国家的人们可以预期比以往任何时候都要长寿。虽然这种趋势无疑会产生一些消极后果,但社会可以采取步骤减轻这些潜在的问题。
As peoplelive longer and the populations of developed countries grow older, severalrelated problems can be anticipated. The main issue is that there willobviously be more people of retirement age who will be eligible to receive apension. The proportion of younger, working adults will be smaller, andgovernments will therefore receive less money in taxes in relation to the sizeof the population. In other words, an ageing population will mean a greater taxburden for working adults. Further pressures will include a rise in the demandfor healthcare, and the fact young adults will increasingly have to look aftertheir elderly relatives.
随着人们寿命的延长和发达国家人口的老龄化,可以预见到几个相关的问题。主要问题是,显然将有更多达到退休年龄的人有资格领取养老金。年轻的、有工作的成年人的比例将会更小,因此政府将会根据人口的规模得到更少的税收。换句话说,人口老龄化将意味着成年劳动者的税收负担加重。进一步的压力将包括医疗需求的上升,以及年轻人将不得不越来越多地照顾年迈的亲人。
There areseveral actions that governments could take to solve the problems describedabove. Firstly, a simple solution would be to increase the retirement age forworking adults, perhaps from 65 to 70. Nowadays, people of this age tend to behealthy enough to continue a productive working life. A second measure would befor governments to encourage immigration in order to increase the number ofworking adults who pay taxes. Finally, money from national budgets will need tobe taken from other areas and spent on vital healthcare, accommodation andtransport facilities for the rising numbers of older citizens.
政府可以采取若干行动来解决上述问题。首先,一个简单的解决方案是提高成年工作人员的退休年龄,也许从65岁提高到70岁。现在,这个年龄的人往往足够健康,可以继续有成效的工作生活。第二项措施是政府鼓励移民,以增加纳税的成年劳动者的数量。最后,国家预算中的资金需要从其他领域拨出,用于为日益增多的老年人提供至关重要的医疗、住宿和交通设施。
In conclusion, various measures can be takento tackle the problems that are certain to arise as the populations ofcountries grow older.
总之,可以采取各种措施来解决随着各国人口老龄化必然出现的问题。
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